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直升機(jī)飛行教員手冊 Helicopter Flight Instructor Manual

時間：2012-06-08 09:45來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次

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Point out that, depending on the wind velocity, it is permissible to accept crosswind components to take advantage of size, shape, and gaps in obstacles.
Alert the student to the possibility of losing the wind when descending below the height of the obstacle, normally on the final stages of the approach.
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LOW-LEVEL OPERATIONS
GROUND SCHOOL POINTS
Risk Management
Operational Planning
Mast Bumping
Low Level Operations Over Smooth Water
PREPARATORY INSTRUCTION
Aim
For the student to learn safe techniques for flying at low level
Review
Quick Stops: Exercise 19 Motivation
Although helicopter pilots should fly as high as is reasonably possible, operational tasks often dictate the need for flying close to the ground.
Airmanship
? Lookout: obstacles, other helicopter
? Low-level emergency procedures
? Wind observations
Teaching Points
Explain that low-level operations pose special considerations. Straight-line navigation is generally only possible in remote areas that are also flat and free of obstacles. Low-level operations will generally involve frequent changes of track for the following reasons:
Wires
Point out that wire strikes are a frequent cause of helicopter accidents. Explain that low-level operations demand a constant lookout for wires, and describe the technique for crossing lines at posts or towers, preferably at 45° to the line’s direction. Describe how wires hang in valleys and how best to locate them. Explain the crew system of alerting each other to the fact that wires have been spotted in front of the helicopter.
Persons and livestock
Frightening or annoying people and livestock by flying overhead at low level, is at the very least, poor public relations. It is also in many cases illegal and dangerous and must be avoided. Ostrich farms and horse stables, among others, are particularly sensitive areas.

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