EATM glossary of terms 歐洲空管管理術(shù)語詞典

時(shí)間：2011-08-27 23:38來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點(diǎn)擊：次

Antenna (Large Vertical Aperture)
An SSR antenna comprised of a two dimensional array of radiating elements. A typical LVA consists of a number of columns, each consisting of a vertical linear array designed to produce beam shaping in the vertical plane, arranged in a horizontal linear array to produce between 2' and 3' azimuth beam width.
Antenna (Omni-Directional)
Antenna with a circular radiation pattern in the horizontal plane. In earlier ISLS systems often used for transmitting the P2 pulse and sometimes also for transmission of the P1 pulse (I2SLS). Modem omni-directional antennae for SSR use, include a notch about the peak of the control pattern.
Antenna (Reflector)
In the case of a reflector antenna the beam is produced by a method analogous to optics. In most cases the reflector surface of the antenna (which may be solid metal, metalised synthetic materials or metal mesh) is illuminated by a radio frequency source (e.g. a radio frequency horn assembly). The dimensions of the reflector antenna both in the horizontal and vertical plane, together with the characteristics of the illuminating source, determine the shape and magnitude of the radar beam produced.
Antenna (Sum and Difference)
An antenna which has been electrically split into 2 halves. The 2 half antenna outputs are added in phase at one output port (sum, 1) and added in anti phase at a second output port (difference. A) to produce output signals which are sensitive to the azimuth angle of arrival of received signals, enabling an Off Bore sight Angle for the signal source to be obtained.
Antenna Elevation (Tilt)
Angle between the direction of maximum gain of the antenna and the tangent to the surface of the earth at the location of the antenna. A distinction is sometimes made between electronic (radio signal) and mechanical tilt, especially for Large Vertical Antennae (LVA) for SSR. In this case the mechanical tilt may be zero when the antenna is radiating at its nominal design value for electronic tilt, which may typically be 3 deg.
Antenna Tilt
Difference between the antenna rotation plane and the local horizontal plane (also called Radar Vertically Error).
Anticipation-Action-Comparison Loop (unit)
Set of nervous components allowing prediction of changes in the environmental input as a
consequence of our own changes in position and posture.

Anti-Spoofing
For the NAVSTAR system, anti-spoofing is the process whereby the P code used for the precise positioning service is encrypted. The resulting encrypted code is called the Y code. The encryption data can only be decoded by GIPS receivers with special decryption circuitry, guarding against fake transmissions of satellite data.
Applicant
A person who applies for an ab initio training vacancy.

Application Software providing a service to its Users, in the guise of a consistent set of functionalities. The ARTAS software (implemented in each ARTAS Unit) is an application. Application Control Service Element The association control service element establishes, maintains and releases associations between application entities. Application Entity Part of an application process which is concerned with communications within the OSI environment. The aspects of an application process which need to be taken into account for the purposes of OSI are represented by one or more AEs. Application Form Form to be filled in when applying for ab initio training. Application Layer The layer of the OSI reference model that controls application user access to the communication system. Application Process A set of resources, including processing resources, within a real open system that may be used to perform a particular information processing activity. Application Service Element A set of functions that provide OSI communications capabilities for the inter-working of AEs for a specific purpose. An AE may be composed of one ASE or several ASEs of different types. Application Specific Integrated Circuit A gate array or other non-standard chip design for proprietary use. Gate array. A special type of chip that starts out as a non specific collection of logic gates. Late in the manufacturing process, a layer is added to connect the gates for a specific function. By changing the pattern of connections, the manufacturer can make the chip suitable for many needs. After the chip has been configured to meet a specific need, it becomes an ASIC. Approach Control 1- Unit charged with control of traffic around one or more airports and responsible for the spacing of traffic on final approach. Approach control, that part of ATC that is concerned with departing and arriving aircraft. Arriving aircraft are transferred from ACC via APP to tower control, departing aircraft are transferred from tower control via APP to ACC.

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